FLEW 35+ MISSIONS OVER THE EUROPEAN THEATRE WITH THE 8TH AIR FORCE, 351ST BOMB GROUP AS A TAIL GUNNER IN THE UMBRIAGO, A FLYING FORTRESS B-17 HEAVY BOMBER. ALSO TRAINED AS A GLIDER PILOT. WAS AWARDED THE PRE-PEARL HARBOR RIBBON, THE AMERICAN THEATER RIBBON, THE EUROPEAN THEATER RIBBON WITH 5 BATTLE STARS, THE AIR MEDAL WITH 3 OAK LEAF CLUSTERS AND THE DISTINGUISHED FLYING CROSS.